在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)與社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)角落，危險(xiǎn)廢物如潛藏的 “定時(shí)炸彈”，若處置不當(dāng)將對(duì)環(huán)境和人類健康造成巨大威脅。而危廢暫存間就像守護(hù)安全的 “堡壘”，其核心配置直接決定能否將危險(xiǎn)廢物妥善管控。這些配置環(huán)環(huán)相扣，共同構(gòu)筑起危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存的安全防線，下面就帶你一探究竟。

　　In every corner of industrial production and social life, hazardous waste, like hidden "time bombs," can pose a huge threat to the environment and human health if not disposed of properly. The hazardous waste temporary storage room is like a "fortress" guarding safety, and its core configuration directly determines whether hazardous waste can be properly controlled. These configurations are interrelated and jointly build a safety defense line for the temporary storage of hazardous waste. Let's explore it for you below.

　　地面與墻面的防護(hù)是危廢暫存間的基礎(chǔ)配置，也是防止危廢泄漏污染的第一道屏障。地面通常采用堅(jiān)固的混凝土澆筑，確保具備足夠的承載能力，能夠承受裝滿危廢的容器和搬運(yùn)設(shè)備的重量。在此基礎(chǔ)上，還需進(jìn)行防滲處理，常見(jiàn)做法是鋪設(shè)高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜等防滲材料，這種材料猶如一層致密的 “盾牌”，阻止危廢中的有害成分滲入地下土壤和水體。墻面同樣不容忽視，一般會(huì)涂刷耐腐蝕的涂料，避免危廢揮發(fā)的有害氣體或泄漏液體對(duì)墻體造成侵蝕，延長(zhǎng)暫存間使用壽命，同時(shí)防止墻體受損后污染物擴(kuò)散。

　　The protection of the ground and walls is the basic configuration of the hazardous waste temporary storage room, and also the first barrier to prevent hazardous waste leakage and pollution. The ground is usually poured with sturdy concrete to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity to withstand the weight of containers and handling equipment filled with hazardous waste. On this basis, anti-seepage treatment is also necessary. The common method is to lay anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film, which acts as a dense "shield" to prevent harmful components in hazardous waste from infiltrating underground soil and water bodies. The wall should not be ignored either. Generally, corrosion-resistant coatings are applied to prevent harmful gases or leaked liquids from hazardous waste from corroding the wall, extending the service life of the temporary storage room, and preventing the spread of pollutants after the wall is damaged.

　　危廢暫存間內(nèi)的貯存容器配置關(guān)乎危廢存放的安全性。不同類型的危險(xiǎn)廢物需要匹配相應(yīng)的容器，例如液態(tài)危廢適合用密封性能良好的塑料桶或鋼制容器貯存，這些容器必須具備防漏、防腐特性，桶口或罐口有可靠的密封裝置，防止液體揮發(fā)或泄漏。固態(tài)危廢則可采用有蓋的周轉(zhuǎn)箱存放，箱體材質(zhì)要能抵御危廢的物理、化學(xué)作用。所有貯存容器都應(yīng)清晰標(biāo)注危廢名稱、類別、危害特性等信息，方便識(shí)別與管理，避免因誤操作引發(fā)危險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)，容器放置時(shí)要保持一定間距，便于日常檢查、搬運(yùn)和應(yīng)急處理。

　　The configuration of storage containers in the hazardous waste temporary storage room is related to the safety of hazardous waste storage. Different types of hazardous waste need to be matched with corresponding containers. For example, liquid hazardous waste is suitable for storage in plastic barrels or steel containers with good sealing performance. These containers must have leak proof and anti-corrosion characteristics, and the barrel or tank mouth must have reliable sealing devices to prevent liquid evaporation or leakage. Solid hazardous waste can be stored in covered turnover boxes, and the material of the box should be able to resist the physical and chemical effects of hazardous waste. All storage containers should be clearly labeled with hazardous waste names, categories, hazard characteristics, and other information for easy identification and management, to avoid danger caused by misoperation. At the same time, containers should be placed at a certain distance to facilitate daily inspection, handling, and emergency response.

　　通風(fēng)與消防設(shè)施是危廢暫存間保障安全的關(guān)鍵配置。由于危廢可能揮發(fā)有毒有害氣體，良好的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)必不可少。機(jī)械通風(fēng)裝置通常會(huì)安裝在暫存間頂部或側(cè)面，通過(guò)定時(shí)運(yùn)行或根據(jù)有害氣體濃度自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，將室內(nèi)空氣排出并引入新鮮空氣，降低有害氣體濃度，保障工作人員安全。消防設(shè)施更是重中之重，根據(jù)危廢的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性，配備足夠數(shù)量且適用的滅火器，如干粉滅火器、二氧化碳滅火器等，用于撲滅初期火災(zāi)。此外，還需設(shè)置消防沙箱、滅火毯等輔助消防器材，在火勢(shì)較小時(shí)進(jìn)行應(yīng)急處置。同時(shí)，安裝火災(zāi)報(bào)警裝置，一旦發(fā)生火情，能及時(shí)發(fā)出警報(bào)，通知相關(guān)人員采取措施。

　　Ventilation and fire-fighting facilities are key configurations for ensuring safety in hazardous waste temporary storage rooms. Due to the potential volatilization of toxic and harmful gases from hazardous waste, a good ventilation system is essential. Mechanical ventilation devices are usually installed on the top or side of temporary storage rooms. They operate at regular intervals or automatically start based on the concentration of harmful gases to exhaust indoor air and introduce fresh air, reducing the concentration of harmful gases and ensuring the safety of workers. Firefighting facilities are of utmost importance. According to the fire hazard of hazardous waste, sufficient and suitable fire extinguishers such as dry powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be equipped to extinguish initial fires. In addition, auxiliary fire-fighting equipment such as fire sandboxes and fire blankets need to be installed for emergency response when the fire is small. At the same time, install fire alarm devices that can promptly sound an alarm and notify relevant personnel to take measures in case of a fire.

　　危廢暫存間的防滲圍堰和收集設(shè)施是應(yīng)對(duì)泄漏事故的重要配置。在暫存間內(nèi)部，會(huì)圍繞貯存區(qū)域設(shè)置一定高度的防滲圍堰，其高度和容積經(jīng)過(guò)精確計(jì)算，確保當(dāng)容器發(fā)生泄漏時(shí)，能夠容納全部泄漏的危廢，防止污染物擴(kuò)散到暫存間外。圍堰同樣要進(jìn)行防滲處理，與地面防滲層緊密結(jié)合。此外，還會(huì)配備泄漏應(yīng)急收集工具，如吸附棉、收集桶等。吸附棉能夠迅速吸附泄漏的液態(tài)危廢，防止其四處流淌；收集桶則用于盛裝收集起來(lái)的危廢，以便后續(xù)安全處置。

　　The anti-seepage cofferdam and collection facilities in the hazardous waste temporary storage room are important configurations for dealing with leakage accidents. Inside the temporary storage room, a certain height of anti-seepage cofferdam will be set up around the storage area. Its height and volume are accurately calculated to ensure that when the container leaks, it can accommodate all the leaked hazardous waste and prevent pollutants from spreading outside the temporary storage room. The cofferdam also needs to undergo anti-seepage treatment and be closely integrated with the ground anti-seepage layer. In addition, emergency leak collection tools such as absorbent cotton and collection buckets will be equipped. Adsorption cotton can quickly absorb leaked liquid hazardous waste and prevent it from flowing around; The collection bucket is used to hold the collected hazardous waste for safe disposal in the future.

　　監(jiān)控與標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)是危廢暫存間實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)范化管理的必要配置。安裝高清監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭，對(duì)暫存間內(nèi)部及周邊區(qū)域進(jìn)行 24 小時(shí)不間斷監(jiān)控，實(shí)時(shí)記錄危廢的出入庫(kù)情況、貯存狀態(tài)等信息，便于追溯和管理，也能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況。同時(shí)，在暫存間醒目位置設(shè)置清晰、規(guī)范的標(biāo)識(shí)牌，標(biāo)明 “危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存間” 字樣，以及危廢的種類、注意事項(xiàng)、應(yīng)急聯(lián)系方式等內(nèi)容，提醒工作人員和外來(lái)人員注意安全。內(nèi)部還會(huì)設(shè)置分區(qū)標(biāo)識(shí)，對(duì)不同類別的危廢貯存區(qū)域進(jìn)行劃分，確保分類存放，便于管理和處置。

　　The monitoring and identification system is a necessary configuration for standardized management of hazardous waste storage rooms. Install high-definition surveillance cameras to continuously monitor the internal and surrounding areas of the temporary storage room 24 hours a day, recording real-time information on the inflow and outflow of hazardous waste, storage status, etc., for easy traceability and management, and to detect abnormal situations in a timely manner. At the same time, clear and standardized signs should be prominently placed in the temporary storage room, indicating the words "hazardous waste temporary storage room", as well as the types of hazardous waste, precautions, emergency contact information, etc., to remind staff and external personnel to pay attention to safety. Internally, partition labels will also be set up to divide hazardous waste storage areas into different categories, ensuring classified storage and facilitating management and disposal.

　　每一項(xiàng)核心配置都在危廢暫存間中扮演著不可或缺的角色，從基礎(chǔ)防護(hù)到應(yīng)急處置，從安全保障到規(guī)范管理，共同編織起一張嚴(yán)密的安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)。只有充分認(rèn)識(shí)并落實(shí)這些核心配置，才能讓危廢暫存間真正成為危險(xiǎn)廢物的 “安全港灣”，守護(hù)環(huán)境與生命的安全防線。

　　Each core configuration plays an indispensable role in the hazardous waste storage room, weaving together a tight security network from basic protection to emergency response, from safety assurance to standardized management. Only by fully understanding and implementing these core configurations can the hazardous waste storage room truly become a "safe harbor" for hazardous waste, safeguarding the safety of the environment and life.

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